Australia is a country comprising the mainland of the Australia continent.
For at least 40,000 years before British settlement in the late 18th century. Australia was inhabited by Indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation of the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
On 1 January 1901, The six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Since federation, Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary, democracy and constitutional monarchy. The federation comprises six states and several territories. The population of 23 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated in the Eastern States.
States and Territories of Australia
The States and mainland and territories combine to make up the world six largest country by total area. Australia comprises six states and various territories, Australian mainland is made up of five states and three territories. The sixth island states of Tasmania to the south of the mainland. In addition, there are six island territories, known as external territories and Australian Antarctic Territory.
Geography of Australia
The geography of Australia encompasses a wide variety of bio geographic regions being the world's smallest continent but the six largest country in the world. The population of Australia is concentrated along the eastern and south eastern coasts. The geography of the country is extremely diverse, ranging from the snow-capped mountains of the Australian Alps and Tasmania to large deserts, tropical and temperate.
Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and the French dependency of New Caledonia to the east, and New Zealand to the South east.
Environment of Australia
The Australian Environment ranges from virtually pristine Antarctic and rainforests to degraded industrial areas of major cities. 40 distinct regions have been identified across the Australian mainland and islands.
Central Australia is very dry due to a dry climate. The interior has a number of deserts while most of the coastal areas are populated. Northern Australia experiences tropical cyclones while much of the country is prone to periodic drought.
Agriculture and mining are predominate land uses which affect the Australian environment. The management of the impact on the Australian environment from the mining industry, the protection of the Great Barrier Reef, forests and native animals are recurring issues of conservation.
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