The State Capital in Australia

Brisbane

Brisbane is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbane's metropolitan area has a population of 2.15 million, and the South East Queensland urban conurbation, centred on Brisbane, encompasses a population of more than 3 million. The Brisbane central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, approximately 23 km (14 mi) from its mouth at Moreton Bay. The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the floodplain of the Brisbane River valley between the bay and the Great Dividing Range. While the metropolitan area is governed by several municipalities, a large portion of central Brisbane is governed by the Brisbane City Council, which is by far Australia's largest Local Government Area by population. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite


Sydney

Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia. It is on Australia's  south east coast, on the Tasman Sea.
The city is built on hills surrounding Port Jackson which is commonly known as Sydney Harbour, where the iconic Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge feature prominently. The hinterland of the metropolitan area is surrounded by national parks, and the coastal regions feature many bays, rivers and beaches including Hyde Park and the Royal Botanic Gardens.


Melbourne 

Melbourne is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria. and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area an the Census statistical division.
The metropolis is located on the large natural bay known as Port Philip, with the city centre positioned on the estuary of the Yarra River. The metropolitan area then extend south from the city centre, along the eastern and western shorelines of Port Philip, and expands into the hinterland. The city centre is situated in the municipality known as the City of Melbourne. The metropolitan area consists of a further 30 municipalities


Perth

Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most popular city in Australia, with an estimated population of 1.83 million living in the Perth metropolitan area. Part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia, the majority of the metropolitan area of Perth is located on the the Swan Coastal Plain, a narrow strip between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp, a low coastal escarpment. The first areas settled were on the Swan River, with the city's central business district and port (Fremantle) both located on its shores. Perth's metropolitan area is formally divided into a number of local government areas, which themselves consist of a large number of suburbs, extending from Two Rocks in the north to Rockingham in the south, and the east inland to The Lakes


Adelaide 

Adelaide is the capital city of South Australia and the fifth largest city in Australia. The demonym "Adelaidean" is used in reference to the city and its residents. Adelaide is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km (12 mi) from the coast to the foothills, 90 km (56 mi) from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south. 


Darwin 

Darwin is the capital city of the Northern Territory in Australia. Situated on the Timor Sea, Darwin has a population of 129,100 making it by far the the largest and most populated city in the sparsely populated Northern Territory. It is the smallest and most northernly of the Australia capital cities, and acts as the Top End's regional centre. Darwin has grown from a pioneer outpost and small port into one of Australia's most modern and multicultural cities.  







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The Six States of Australia

Western Australia 

Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia. It is bounded by Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east.Western Australia is the largest state with a total land area of 2,529,875 square kilometres and the second largest country subdivision in the world, however most of it is actually desert and is uninhabited. The state has approximately 2.4 million inhabitants, the majority of whom live in the south-west corner of the state.


South Australia 

South Australia is a state in the southern central part of Australia. it covers some of the most parts of the continent. With a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres, it is the fourth largest of Australia's states and territories.
South Australia shares borders with all the other mainland states, and with the Northern Territory, it is bordered to the west by Western Australia, to the north by the Northern Territory, to the north east by Queensland, to the east by New South Wales, to the south east by Victoria, and to the south by the Great Australian Bight and the Indian.


New South Wales

New South Wales is a state in the east of Australia. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state bordered by the the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales surrounds the whole of the Australian Capital Territory. New South Wales capital city is Sydney, which is also the state's most populous city. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen


Queensland

Queensland is the second largest and third most populous state in Australia. Situated in the north east of the country, it is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south west and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. Queensland has a population of 4,580,700, concentrated along the coast and particularly in the state's South East. The state is the world's six largest sub-national entity, with an area of 1,852,642 km per second. The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane, Australia's third largest city. Referred to as the Sunshine State. Queensland is home to 10 of Australia's 30 largest cities and is the nation's third largest economy.


Northern Territory

Northern Territory is a federal territory in the centre and central northern region of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west, South Australia to south and Queensland to the east.
To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. With a population of 233,300 it is the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories.


Victoria

Victoria is a state in the south east of Australia. Geographically the smallest mainland state, Victoria is bordered by New South Wales to the north, the Tasman Sea to the east, the Bass Strait and Tasmania to the  south, and South Australia to the west. Australia's most densely-populated state, most of Victoria's population is concentrated in the area surrounding Port Philip, including the capital and largest city, Melbourne, which is also Australia's second largest city overall. 















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Life in Australia

Australia is a country comprising the mainland of the Australia continent.

For at least 40,000 years before British settlement in the late 18th century. Australia was inhabited by Indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation of the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.  
On 1 January 1901, The six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Since federation, Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary, democracy and constitutional monarchy. The federation comprises six states and several territories. The population of 23 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated in the Eastern States.


States and Territories of Australia

The States and mainland and territories combine to make up the world six largest country by total area. Australia comprises six states and various territories, Australian mainland is made up of five states and three territories. The sixth island states of Tasmania to the south of the mainland. In addition, there are six island territories, known as external territories and Australian Antarctic Territory


Geography of Australia 

The geography of Australia encompasses a wide variety of bio geographic regions being the world's smallest continent but the six largest country in the world. The population of Australia is concentrated along the eastern and south eastern coasts. The geography of the country is extremely diverse, ranging from the snow-capped mountains of the Australian Alps and Tasmania to large deserts, tropical and temperate.
Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and the French dependency of New Caledonia to the east, and New Zealand to the South east. 


Environment of Australia

The Australian Environment ranges from virtually pristine Antarctic and rainforests to degraded industrial areas of major cities. 40 distinct regions have been identified across the Australian mainland and islands.
Central Australia is very dry due to a dry climate. The interior has a number of deserts while most of the coastal areas are populated. Northern Australia experiences tropical cyclones while much of the country is prone to periodic drought.
Agriculture and mining are predominate land uses which affect the Australian environment. The management of the impact on the Australian environment from the mining industry, the protection of the Great Barrier Reef, forests and native animals are recurring issues of conservation. 









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